Surface Tensiometer

Surface Tensiometer

Surface Tensiometer

Surface tension and interfacial tension are fundamental physical properties governing wetting, spreading, adhesion, foaming, emulsification, dispersion, and permeability of liquids and solids. These phenomena directly impact the performance of coatings, inks, detergents, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, plating solutions, lubricants, semiconductor processes, and food products.

The liquid surface tension is the characteristic of liquids to minimize their surface to the smallest possible area, which would result in a perfectly spherical shape. Measuring surface tension allows characterizing different properties like wettability, permeability, solubility, foamability, emulsifiability, dispersibility, etc.

There are different methods to determine the surface tension:

Wilhelmy Plate Method

Wilhelmy Plate Method

a platinum plate contacts the liquid surface, and the vertical force generated by wetting is measured to calculate surface or interfacial tension.

Du Noüy Ring Method

Du Noüy Ring Method

a platinum ring is pulled from the liquid surface, and the maximum force required to detach the liquid film is used to calculate surface tension.

Pendant Drop Method

Pendant Drop Method

a software analyzes a digital image of a droplet suspended from a needle tip.

Bubble Pressure Method

Bubble Pressure Method

pressurized air forms bubbles at a capillary tip; the maximum pressure during bubble formation is used to determine surface tension as a function of surface age.